Imam Malik ibn Anass

Sidna al-Imam Malik ibn Anass (93/712-179/795), may Allah be pleased with him, the Imam of Dar al-Hijra -Madina- and the eponymous founder of the Maliki school, was born sometime between 708 and 715 in Medina, where he spent most of his life and where he died. Imam Malik studied with a number of well-known scholars of Medina and then, as his fame spread, acquired many pupils of his own. In 762 he lent the weight of his reputation to the revolt of Sidna Mohammed Nafs Zakiyya (called “the pure soul”; 145/730) against the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur. He openly stated that Sidna Mohammed Nafs Zakiyya had more right to the title of caliphate and testified to his merit. This led him suffering great affliction for his political stance. But his prestige did not suffer, and he regained royal favour. The next three caliphs, al-Mahdi, al-Hadi, and Harun al-Rashid, were personally interested in his work, and Harun, while on a pilgrimage in the last year of Malik's life, even attended one of his lectures. The Fihrist of Ibn al-Nadim (composed 987) reports that Imam Malik addressed a treatise on the land tax to Harun, a counterpart to the famous Kitab al-Kharaj of the jurist Abu Yusuf (d. 213/798). After spending his entire life in Medina, Imam Malik died in 179/795 and was buried there in the blessed al-Baqi‘ Cemetery (His tomb).

Imam Malik's activity belongs to the period of Islamic jurisprudence when the supreme legislation provided by the Holy Quran and the Tradition (Hadith) of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him) was in need of clear interpretation to complete the needs of Muslims and the expanding borders of Islam. It became the task of Imam Malik to ensure the Islamic character of public administration as well as to suggest ways in which individual Muslims could lead more pious lives. Before Imam Malik's time, the Prophetic Hadith as well as was the compendia of the decisions of the Sahaba (may Allah be pleased with them) on various issues was considered authoritative guidelines for behaviour. Imam Malik's achievement was to combine these two sources of authority. Malik set forth, drawing on the Hadith, the legal practices that had evolved in Medina. He at times based legal doctrines on the actual practice (’amal) of Medina, at times appealed to the consensus (ijma'a) among the authorities of Medina, and at times drew on sound opinion (ra‘y) or consideration of what is best (istihsan). The subsequent Maliki jurisprudence emphasized the first two principles but downplayed that latter two. Unlike later jurists, Imam Malik does not restrict Hadith or the concept of Sunnah (Practice) to the Holy Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him) alone. Despite the sound consistencies of his own procedure, the use of hadith to support existing legal opinion came to play a vital role in the subsequent systematization of Islamic legal thinking and in the codification of Islamic law.
The three main sources for Maliki legal scholarship are the Imam's Kitāb al-Muwatta’ (The Smoothed Path) and the Mudawwana (The Compendium) of Sahnun ibn Said ("Abdessalam Tanukhi Qayrawani," d. 240/854), a student of Malik's pupil Ibn al-Qasim (d. 221/806), and the textual histories of both works are complex, and the Risala, a synopsis of Maliki fiqh, of Mohammed Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (d. 389/974), the student of Abul Hassan Ali ibn Abi Matar al-Iskandari (d. 339/924). The Muwatta’ is arranged in chapters that deal with the ritual and legal concerns of the Muslim community, and it represents the accepted legal practice of Medina as it was taught by Imam Malik and his contemporaries. The enduring and widespread influence of the Muwatta’ in mainly due to the authentic Madinese doctrine it presents and is in part attributed to the activities and geographical distribution of successive generations of Imam Malik's pupils. Soon after Imam Malik's death, Fustat in Egypt became a major centre for the elaboration of Maliki legal doctrine; Qayrawan in Tunisia and Fez in Morocco quickly followed. The Moroccan Maliki school based in al-Qarawiyyine University of Fez become later the most considerable centre of Malikism in the world.


baca seterusnya...

Berkelana Mencari Redha Allah - bhg 1

dipetik dari Sayyidush Sholawat oleh A. Fauzan Adhiman Fathullah

Ridhollah adalah tujuan hidup insan yang mendasar baik hidup di dunia mahu pun hidup di akhirat. Oleh sebab itu, tanpa ridhollah hidup insan didunia ini menjadi hampa dan tanpa ridhollah hidup insan diakhirat menjadi celaka. NA'UUDZUBILLAHI MIN DZAALIK !





"hanya kepada Engkau-lah kami beribadat dan hanya kepada Engkau-lah kami mohon pertolongan".

INSAN DAN RIDHOLLAH
Insan berkelana menaiki gunung, menurun lembah memasuki hutan belantara dan menyeberangi lautan samudera mencari ridhollah. Perumpamaannya seperti insan dan bajunya. Insan adalah roh dan bajunya adalah jasad dan amaliahnya. Untuk sampai dan meraih ridollah, maka insan harus melalui beberapa tahapan.


Tahapan Pertama : Nafsun Ammarah
Insan yang dikuasai nafsun ammarah, iaitu nafsu yang selalu mengajak kepada keburukan, seperti insan yang diselimuti baju kotor yang berada dalam kamar yang gelap dan tertutup rapat. Dalam keadaan demikian itu insan tidak dapat melihat dan tidak merasa bahawa dirinya berbaju kotor, sekaipun dikejauhan ada lampu berkekuatan beribu-ribu watt, akan tetapi insan tidak melihat dan tidak merasa bahawa baju yang dipakainya itu kotor. Dia terkurung dalam kamar yang gelap. Itulah dunianya, itulah hidup dan tujuan hidupnya dan itulah kesenangan dan kebahagiaannya.




../bersambung

baca seterusnya...

Mimpi Rasulullah Tentang Nabi Palsu

: عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ
قَدِمَ مُسَيْلِمَةُ الْكَذَّابُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ إِنْ جَعَلَ لِي مُحَمَّدٌ الْأَمْرَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ تَبِعْتُهُ فَقَدِمَهَا فِي بَشَرٍ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَعَهُ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ وَفِي يَدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قِطْعَةُ جَرِيدَةٍ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى مُسَيْلِمَةَ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ لَوْ سَأَلْتَنِي هَذِهِ الْقِطْعَةَ مَا أَعْطَيْتُكَهَا وَلَنْ أَتَعَدَّى أَمْرَ اللَّهِ فِيكَ وَلَئِنْ أَدْبَرْتَ لَيَعْقِرَنَّكَ اللَّهُ وَإِنِّي لَأُرَاكَ الَّذِي أُرِيتُ فِيكَ مَا أُرِيتُ وَهَذَا ثَابِتٌ يُجِيبُكَ عَنِّي ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّكَ أَرَى الَّذِي أُرِيتُ فِيكَ مَا أُرِيتُ فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ رَأَيْتُ فِي يَدَيَّ سِوَارَيْنِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فَأَهَمَّنِي شَأْنُهُمَا فَأُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنْ انْفُخْهُمَا فَنَفَخْتُهُمَا فَطَارَا فَأَوَّلْتُهُمَا كَذَّابَيْنِ يَخْرُجَانِ مِنْ بَعْدِي فَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْعَنْسِيَّ صَاحِبَ صَنْعَاءَ وَالْآخَرُ مُسَيْلِمَةَ صَاحِبَ الْيَمَامَةِ

Ibn Abbas reported that Musailima al-Kadhdhab (the greater liar) (who claimed prophethood after the death of the Holy Prophet) came during the lifetime of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) to Medina and said: If Muhammad assigns his caliphate to me after him I would follow, and there came along with him a large body of persons of his tribe and there came to him Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) along with Thabit b. Qais b. Shammas and the Prophet of Allah (may peace be upon him) had a piece of wood in his hand until he came in front of Musailima in the company of his companions and said: If you were to ask even this (wood), I would never give it to you. I am not going to do anything against the will of God in your case, and if you turn away (from what I say) Allah will destroy you. And I find you in the same state which I was shown (in the dream) and here is Thabit and he would answer you on my behalf. He (the Holy Prophet) then went back. Ibn 'Abbas said: I asked the (meanings of the) words of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him):" You are the same what I was made to see about you in my dream." and Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger. (may peace be upon him) said: While I was sleeping I saw in my hands two gold bangles. This had a disturbing effect upon me and I was given a suggestion in the sleep that I should blow over them, so I blew over them and they were no more. And I interpreted these (two bangles) as the two great liars who would appear after me and the one amongst them was 'Anasi the inhabitant of San'a' and the other one Musailima the inhabitant of Yamama.

Hadis Ibnu Abbas r.a katanya:
Pada suatu hari Musailamah Al-Kazzab datang ke Madinah pada zaman Nabi s.a.w dan berkata: Jika Muhammad menyerahkan urusan kepadaku sepeninggalannya, nescaya aku mahu mengikuti jejaknya. Lalu Musailamah kembali berkumpul dengan kaumnya. Kemudian Nabi s.a.w bersama dengan Thabit bin Qais bin Syammas berangkat menemui Musailamah. Ketika itu Nabi s.a.w membawa sepotong pelepah kurma. Setelah Nabi s.a.w berada di hadapan Musailamah berserta teman-temannya, baginda bersabda: Sekalipun kamu meminta kepadaku sepotong kayu ini, tidak akan aku berikan kepadamu. Aku tidak akan menyerang kamu. Hal itu adalah urusan Allah terhadap dirimu. Jika kamu berpaling, nescaya Allah akan membinasakanmu. Sesungguhnya aku telah bermimpi tentang kamu dan ini adalah Thabit yang akan memberikan jawapannya kepada dirimu. Kemudian baginda beralih meninggalkan Musailamah. Ibnu Abbas berkata: Aku bertanya berkenaan sabda Nabi s.a.w bahawa aku bermimpi tentang kamu. Kemudian dijawab oleh Abu Hurairah sesungguhnya Nabi s.a.w bersabda: Ketika aku sedang tidur, aku bermimpi melihat sepasang gelang emas berada di tanganku. Sepasang gelang tersebut sangat menarik perhatianku. Di dalam tidur itu, aku mendapat wahyu supaya meniup sepasang gelang tersebut. Setelah aku tiup ternyata sepasang gelang tersebut terang. Maka aku tafsirkan mimpi itu bahawa akan muncul dua pembohong sepeninggalku. Salah seorang darinya ialah Al-Ansi dari daerah Sanaa (Yaman) kemudian yang keduanya ialah Musailamah dari daerah Yamamah.

HADIS RIWAYAT MUSLIM
KITAB : MIMPI
BAB : Mimpi Nabi S.A.W

**dipetik dari mujahidfillah.
baca seterusnya...

Pentingnya Sanad dan Ikut Itjmak

Berkata Imam Syafii Radhiyallahu ‘Anhu : Yang mencari ilmu tanpa sanad adalah bagaikan pencari kayu bakar dimalam hari yg gelap dan membawa pengikat kayu bakar yang padanya ular berbisa yang mematikan dan ia tak mengetahuinya”,

Dan berkata Imam Atsauri : “Sanad adalah senjata orang mukmin, jika kau tak punya senjata maka bagaimana kau akan
melawan kejahatan?”,

Berkata Ibn Mubarak : “Ilmu tanpa sanad bagaikan orang yang menaiki loteng tanpa tangga, dan Allah
telah memuliakan ummat ini dengan sanad, dan menjadikannya kekhususan diantara hamba hamba Nya”. (Faidhul Qadir
oleh Imam Abdurrauf Al Manawiy.Juz 1 hal 433)
Mmaka ambillah guru yg mempunyai sanad, sanad gurunya yg bersambung kepada para Imam dan Rasul saw.
lalu jika seorang berpedoman pada buku, maka jika buku itu salah cetak, atau ia salah faham, atau buku itu penjelasannya ringkas hingga menimbulkan arti pada diri kita yang berbeda dengan maksud si penulis, maka siapa yg akan
bertanggungjawab?
kita Ahlussunnah Waljamaah Ala Madzahib Al Arba’ah mempunyai sanad dalam segala hal ibadah kita, mereka menyalahkan seluruh madzhab, karena 4 madzhab besar berbeda dengan mereka, mereka memisahkan diri dari shaf jamaah muslimin,

Dan Rasul saw telah bersabda : “Barangsiapa yg memisahkan diri sejengkal dari jamaah muslimin, lalu ia wafat (sebelum bertobat) maka ia mati dalam kematian Jahiliyah” (Shahih Bukhari).
Mari, pastikan Guru-guru kita, Ustadz-ustadz mempunyai sanad keilmuan yang sambung menyambung sampai ke Rasulullah SAWW.

Sumber http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=193861149883&ref=mf

baca seterusnya...

Ahli makrifat giat cari rahsia Kitab

Tajdid Iman:
Bersama Dr Juanda Jaya


CARI KEREDAAN: Islam adalah agama yang mengajar manusia apa yang tidak diketahui, al-Quran memecahkan kegelapan dunia dengan cahayanya, menunjukkan kebaikan dan kejahatan supaya jelas dan terang petunjuk daripada Ilahi ke seluruh alam.

Ciri orang mulia sentiasa cari jalan menuju Illahi dengan menimba ilmu

KETIKA membincangkan mengenai makrifat seorang hamba kepada Allah, Al-Imam Ibnul Jauzi dalam kitabnya Shaydul Khatir berkata:

“Alangkah ramainya orang alim dan orang yang zuhud tidak dianugerahi makrifat, kecuali mereka memiliki makrifat seperti orang awam atau kutu lepak. Boleh jadi alangkah ramainya orang awam yang dianugerahi makrifat, sesuatu yang tidak dikurnia kepada orang alim dan orang zuhud padahal mereka sudah berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk mendapatkannya. Makrifat ialah anugerah Allah yang dilimpahkan kepada siapa saja yang dikehendaki-Nya.”

Renungan mendalam yang cuba diungkapkan Al-Imam Ibnul Jauzi ini menakutkan kita yang diberi gelaran pelajar dan terpelajar, ulama, cerdik pandai dan ilmuwan. Bukankah semakin tinggi ilmu yang dituntut akan semakin dekat seseorang itu kepada Allah.

Tetapi mengapa al-Quran menyindir orang yang diberi al-Kitab tetapi lupa diri melalui firman-Nya yang bermaksud:

“Mengapa kamu suruh orang lain (mengerjakan) kebaikan, sedang kamu melupakan diri (kewajipan) mu sendiri, padahal kamu membaca al-Kitab? Maka tidaklah kamu berpikir?” (Surah Al-Baqarah, ayat 44)

Walaupun begitu tidak boleh dinafikan salah satu punca seseorang mendapat makrifat ialah ilmu mengenai Allah. Tidakkah kita berasa peningkatan iman yang ketara selepas mengkaji ilmu Islam secara lebih mendalam?

Benarlah sabda Baginda SAW yang bermaksud:

“Apabila Allah menghendaki kebaikan kepada seseorang maka Ia memberinya kefahaman mengenai agamanya.” (Hadis riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim)

Agama Islam sudah diajarkan dengan begitu sempurna oleh Baginda SAW sehingga melahirkan generasi bukan hanya bijak dan pandai tetapi hidup jiwanya dan terang mata hatinya seperti pernah diriwayatkan mengenai al-Harith bin Malik al-Ansari ketika beliau bertemu Rasulullah SAW.

Lalu Baginda bertanya kepadanya: “Wahai Harith, bagaimana keadaan iman kamu pada hari ini? Beliau menjawab: Hari ini saya beriman dengan sesungguhnya. Kemudian Baginda bersabda: Cuba tunjukkan hakikat kebenaran yang kamu katakan, kerana segala sesuatu tentu memiliki hakikat kebenaran, jadi apakah hakikat kebenaran imanmu? Beliau menjawab: Sungguh diri saya sudah jemu dengan dunia, sehingga malam hari saya habiskan untuk beribadah dan siang hari berpuasa sehingga seolah-olah saya melihat Arasy Allah dengan sangat jelas, saya melihat ahli syurga sedang kunjung mengunjungi dan penduduk neraka merintih menahan seksa. Kemudian Baginda bersabda: “Wahai Harith, kamu sudah mengetahui, maka istiqamahlah, (Rasulullah SAW mengulangi sabdanya sampai tiga kali).” Hadis riwayat Ibnu Hibban.

Selepas melalui proses didikan di bawah asuhan wahyu, akhirnya sahabat tadi mencapai kemuncak ketinggian ilmunya. Jemu dengan dunia maknanya apa yang diusahakan di dunia ini sudah pun dicapai dengan jayanya, bukan bermakna beliau membenci dunia bahkan menguasai dan memegang kendali dunia. Bagaimanakah cara mencapai apa yang diperoleh sahabat Al-Harith ini?

Hakikatnya orang yang menuntut ilmu mempunyai beberapa tingkatan bergantung dengan seberapa jauh penguasaannya mengenai agama ini. Jibrail pernah mengajarkan kepada Baginda SAW asas penting mengenai Islam, iman dan ihsan.

Tingkatan pertama berada pada kelas permulaan mendapat jolokan Muslim, kemudian disebutkan ciri iman maka orang yang menuntut pada peringkat ini masuk dalam kategori mukmin dan terakhir yang paling tinggi serta sempurna ialah muhsin iaitu mereka yang bersikap ihsan.

Orang muhsin berada pada peringkat ilmu tertinggi, memiliki perasaan halus mengenai Allah. Dia menjadi pendengarannya dengan itu ia mendengar, menjadi penglihatannya dengan itu ia melihat dan menjadi tangannya dengannya ia memukul dan menjadi kakinya dengannya ia berjalan.

Satu lagi sifat mulia pada diri seorang yang ihsan ialah rasa diawasi Allah. Bayangkanlah bagaimana jika seseorang mengawasi kita, pasti rasa terkongkong, terpenjara dan menderita tetapi berlainan dengan rasa diawasi Allah, ia menjadi suatu kenikmatan yang tidak dapat diungkapkan oleh kata-kata.

Rasulullah bersabda yang bermaksud:

“Seolah-olah kamu melihat Allah, jika kamu tidak melihat-Nya sesungguhnya Dia melihat kamu.” (Hadis riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim)

Tingkatan ilmu inilah yang disebut ahli makrifah. Antara ciri orang yang diberi makrifah oleh Allah ialah berminat mencari jalan menuju Allah, dekat di sisi-Nya dan mengharap reda-Nya. Jalan menuju Allah mestilah dengan mencari ilmu, meneroka rahsia al-Quran, mengambil petunjuk hadis Rasulullah SAW.

Jika seseorang sudah meningkat kefahamannya mengenai agama, akan lahir satu perasaan halus memujuk jiwanya supaya beralih minat daripada unsur berorientasi duniawi kepada bisikan Allah yang menguasai diri.

Anda akan merasai ketenangan apabila berzikir, juga kepuasan ketika mencapai ketinggian ilmu, bahkan kenikmatan apabila menambah yang wajib dengan amalan sunat. Ibadah bukan lagi bebanan berat bahkan cara untuk merehatkan jiwa dan raga. Sudahkah kita mencapai peringkat ini?

Untuk melonjakkan diri kita ke tingkat iman lebih tinggi, sewajarnya kita tidak berehat terlalu lama meninggalkan majlis ilmu, bagaimana mungkin kita meninggalkan proses belajar ilmu yang mengungkap rahsia khusyuk solat.

Ilmu rahsia mengenal Allah melalui ayat-Nya, ilmu mencintai dan membela Rasul SAW, ilmu mengenai akhlak yang mengajar kaedah bermuamalah dan toleransi sesama insan, ilmu jiwa yang mengungkap sifat reda, sabar, tawakal, khauf dan raja’, supaya kita boleh mengawal emosi yang mempermainkan hati.

Ilmu mengenai amanah yang mengajak kita bertanggungjawab sebagai seorang bapa, ketua memimpin manusia dan anggota masyarakat yang sedar kewajipan amar makruf nahi mungkar. Islam menyediakan segala-galanya yang diperlukan manusia supaya dia boleh berdiri sebagai khalifatullah.

Islam adalah agama ilmu yang mengajarkan manusia apa yang tidak diketahui, al-Quran memecahkan kegelapan dunia dengan cahayanya, menunjukkan kebaikan dan kejahatan supaya jelas dan terang petunjuk daripada Ilahi ke seluruh alam.

Wahyu pertama turun ialah suruhan membaca yang harus dilanjutkan dengan mengkaji, memahami, mendalami, menghayati, beriman, kemudian mengamalkan juga bersabar untuk terus istiqamah, akhirnya membela apa yang diimani itu sehingga Allah reda ke atas diri kita.

Begitulah proses perjalanan makrifah seorang hamba. Mungkin kita masih berada pada salah satu mata rantai daripada proses itu, entah naik entah turun. Ramai orang yang sudah sampai pada peringkat iman tetapi kurang sabar akhirnya jatuh kembali ke bawah.

Racun duniawi nyata memberi perlawanan hebat untuk menghancurkan binaan iman yang lama kita perjuangkan. Sekuat apapun usaha untuk mendapat makrifat, tidak akan dapat mampu dimiliki melainkan atas kehendak Allah.

“Ya Allah kuserahkan jiwa ragaku. Sebagaimana Engkau jadikannya sebagai milik-Mu maka jadilah Engkau sebagai walinya yang merahmati, menunjukkan dan menjaganya daripada kejahatan diriku sendiri.

baca seterusnya...

The Light of the Holy Prophet

By Shaykh Sidi Mohammed Hicham Kabbani
The 555 Beautiful Names of the Prophet

There are three verses in the Quran which mention the Prophet as a light. Allah said: "From Allah has come to you a Light and a Book manifest." (5:15) Qadi Iyyad said: "He [the Prophet] was named a Light because of the clarity of his case and the fact that his Prophecy was made manifest, and also because of the illumination of the hearts of the believers and the knowers of Allah with what he brought." Suyuti in Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, Fayruzabadi in the Tafsir Ibn Abbas entitled Tanwir Al-miqbas (p. 72), Shaykh Al-Islam, Imam Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi, the Mujaddid of the sixth century, in his Tafsir Al-Kabir (11:189), Qadi Baydawi in his Tafsir entitled Anwar Al-tanzil, Al-Baghawi in his Tafsir entitled Maalim Al-tanzil (2:23), Imam Al-Shirbini in his Tafsir entitled Al-Siraj Al-munir (p. 360), the author of Tafsir Abi Saud (4:36), and Thana'ullah Pani Patti in his Tafsir Al-mazhari, (3:67) said: "What is meant by a Light is: Mohammed (peace and blessing be upon him."

Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari in his Tafsir Jami Al-Bayan (6:92) said: "There has come to you a Light from Allah: He means by the Light: Mohammed (peace and blessing be upon him, by means of whom Allah has illuminated the truth, brought forth Islam, and obliterated idolatry. Therefore he (the Prophet) is a light for those who have been enlightened by him and by his exposition of truth." Al-Khazin in his Tafsir (2:28) similarly says: "There has come to you a Light from Allah means: Mohammed (peace and blessing be upon him. Allah called him a light for no other reason than that one is guided by him (Mohammed) in the same way that one is guided by light in darkness." Al-Nasafi in his commentary entitled Tafsir Al-Madarik (1:276) and Al-Qasimi in his Mahasin Al-ta'wil (6:1921) similarly say: "There has come to you a Light from Allah: this is the light of Mohammed (peace and blessing be upon him, because one is guided by him. Similarly he has been called a lamp (siraj)."
Imam Ahmad Al-Sawi similarly said in his supercommentary on Tafsir Al-Jalalayn (1:258): "There has come to you a Light from Allah: that Light is the Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him. He was named a light because he enlightens the sight and guides it to the correct path; and also because he is the root of every light whether material or spiritual." We will return to the latter statement below insha Allah. Sayyid Mahmud Al-Alusi in his commentary entitled Tafsir Ruh Al-Maani (6:97) similarly says: "There has come to you a Light from Allah: that is, an immense light which is the Light of Lights and the Elect among all Prophets (peace and blessing be upon him." Ismail Al-Haqqi in his supercommentary on Alusi entitled Tafsir ruh Al-bayan (2:370) similarly said: "There has come to you a Light from Allah and a Book that makes all things manifest: It is said that the meaning of the former is the Messenger (peace and blessing be upon him, and the latter is the Quran... The Messenger is called a Light because the first thing which Allah brought forth from the darkness of oblivion with the light of His power was the light of Mohammed (peace and blessing be upon him, as he (the Prophet) said: The first thing Allah created is my light." This narration is addressed below.

Of particular note is the fact that the Mutazilis insisted that the Light in verse 5:15 referred only to the Quran and not to the Prophet. Alusi said in the continuation of the passage quoted above: "Abu Ali Al-Jubba'i said that the light concerns the Quran because the Quran discloses and brings forth the paths of guidance and certitude. Al-Zamakhshari [in Al-Kashshaf 1:601] also contented himself with this explanation." Further elaboration on these two sources is given by Shah Abd Al-Aziz Al-Multani in his Al-Nabras (p. 28-29): "Al-Kashshaf proclaims itself Father of the Mutazila. Abu Ali Al-Jubba'i is the Mohammed ibn Abd Al-Wahhab of the Mutazila of Basra." The similarity of the Mutazila with the Wahhabis and "Salafis" of modern times is pointed out by Imam Kawthari in many places in his Maqalat, where he shows that as in the case of the Mutazila, the Wahhabis' denial of the characteristics of the awliya' camouflages a denial of those of the Prophets.

There is a notable explanation among Ahl Al-Sunna which ascribes the meaning of the Prophet to both the Light and the Book. Al-Sayyid Al-Alusi said in Ruh Al-maani (6:97): "I do not consider it far-fetched that what is meant by both the Light and the Manifest Book is the Prophet, the conjunction being in the same way as what was said by Al-Jubba'i [in that that both the Light and the Book were the Quran]. There is no doubt that all can be said to refer to the Prophet. Perhaps you will be reluctant to accept this from the viewpoint of expression (ibara); then let it be from the viewpoint of subtle allusion (ishara)." Al-Qari said in Sharh Al-shifa' (1:505, Mecca ed.): "It has also been said that both the Light and the Book refer to Mohammed, because just as he is a tremendous light and the source of all lights, he is also a book that gathers up and makes clear all the secrets." He also said (1:114, Madina ed.): "And what objection is there to predicate both nouns to the Prophet, since he is in truth an immense Light due to the perfection of his appearance among all light, and he is a Manifest Book since he gathers up the totality of secrets and he makes evident all laws, situations, and alternatives."

Allah said: "The likeness of His light is as a niche wherein is a Lamp (the lamp in a glass, the glass as it were a glittering star) kindled from a Blessed Tree, an olive that is neither of the East nor of the West, whose oil wellnigh would shine, even if no fire touched it; Light upon Light." (24:35) Suyuti said in Al-Riyad Al-aniqa: Ibn Jubayr and Kab Al-Ahbar said: "What is meant by the second light is the Prophet because he is the Messenger and the Expositor and the Conveyor from Allah of what is enlightening and manifest." Kab said: "Its oil wellnigh would shine because the Prophet wellnigh would be known to the people even if he did not say that he was a Prophet, just as that oil would send forth light without a fire." Ibn Kathir comments on this verse in his Tafsir by citing the report through Ibn Atiyya whereby Kab Al-Ahbar explained Allah's words: yakadu zaytuha yudi'u wa law lam tamsashu nar as meaning: "Mohammed is nearly manifest as a Prophet to people, even if he did not declare it." Qadi Iyyad said in Al-Shifa' (English p. 135): Niftawayh said regarding the words of Allah: "Its oil almost gives light when no fire has touched it" (24:35): "This is the likeness that Allah has made of His Prophet. He said that the meaning of the ayat was that this face almost indicated his Prophethood even before he had received the Quran, as Ibn Rawaha said: Even if there had not been clear signs among us, His face would have told you the news."

Among those who said that the meaning of mathalu nurihi -- the likeness of His Light -- is the Prophet Mohammed, upon him blessings and peace: Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari in his Tafsir (18:95), Qadi Iyyad in Al-Shifa', Al-Baghawi in Maalim Al-Tanzil (5:63) in the margin of Al-Khazin, from Said ibn Hubayr and Al-Dahhak, Al-Khazin in his Tafsir (5:63) Suyuti in Al-Durr Al-manthur (5:49), Zarqani in Sharh Al-mawahib (3:171), Al-Khafaji in Nasim Al-riyad (1:110, 2:449). Al-Nisaburi in Ghara'ib Al-Quran (18:93) said: "The Prophet is a light and a light-giving lamp." Al-Qari in Sharh Al-shifa' said: "The most apparent meaning is to say that what is meant by the light is Mohammed." Allah said: "O Prophet! Truly We have sent you as a Witness, a Bearer of glad tidings, and a Warner, and as one who invites to Allah by His leave, and as a Lamp spreading Light." (33:45- 46) Qadi Al-Baydawi said in his Tafsir: "It is the sun due to His saying: We have made the sun a lamp; or, it could be a lamp." Ibn Kathir states in his Tafsir: "His saying: and a light- giving lamp, that is: your status shows in the truth you have brought just as the sun shows in its rising and illuminating, which none denies except the obdurate." Raghib Al-Asfahani in Al-Mufradat (1:147) said: "The word [lamp] is used for everything that illumines." Al-Zarqani in Sharh Al-mawahib (3:171) said: "He was named lamp because from the one lamp take the many lamps, and its light is no wise diminished."

Abd Allah ibn Rawaha Al-Ansari -the great-grandson of the poet Imru' Al-Qays- said of the Prophet:

lam takun fihi ayatun mubina
lakana manzaruhu yunabbi'uka bi Al-khabari

Even if there were not, concerning him, clear and evident signs, yet the sight of him would have told you the news.

Ibn Hajar narrated it in Al-Isaba (2:299) and said: "This is the most beautiful verse of poetry by which the Prophet was ever praised." Ibn Sayyid Al-Nas said of him in Minah Al-madh (p. 166): He was killed as a martyr on the day of Mu'ta in Jumada 8 before the conquest of Mecca. On that day he was one of the commanders. He was one of the poets who did good and who used to fend off harm from Allah's Messenger. It was concerning him and his two friends Hassan (ibn Thabit) and Kab (ibn Zuhayr) that was revealed the verse: "Except those who believe and do good deeds and remember Allah abundantly." (The Poets 26:227). Hisham ibn Urwa narrated from his father that the latter said: I never saw anyone more aggressive or faster in his poetry than Abd Allah ibn Rawaha. I heard Allah's Messenger say to him one day: "Recite some poetry appropriate to the moment, while I look at you." He rose up then and there and said:

inni tafarrastu fika Al-khayra arifuhu
wallahu yalamu anna ma khanani Al-basaru
anta Al-nabiyyu wa man yuhramu shafaatahu
yawma Al-hisabi laqad azra bihi Al-qadaru
fa thabbat allahu ma ataka min hasanin
tathbita musa wa nasran kalladhi nusiru

I foresee for you immense good, of this I am certain.
Allah knows that my sight never betrayed me.
You are the Prophet, and whoever is deprived of your intercession
On the Day of Reckoning, his destiny is disgrace.
May Allah make firm all the good that He gave you,
With a firmness like Musa's and the same victory.

Upon hearing this the Prophet said to him: "And you also, may Allah make you firm, O Ibn Rawaha." Hisham ibn Urwa continued: Allah indeed made him firm with the staunchest firmness. he died as a martyr, and Paradise was opened for him and he entered it. As an attribute of Allah it is Dhu Al-Nur which means the Creator of light and the Illuminator of the heavens and the earth with His lights, as well as the illuminator of the hearts of the believers with guidance. Nawawi said in Sharh Sahih Muslim, in his commentary on the Prophet's dua which begins: "O Allah, you are the light of the heavens and the earth and yours is all praise..." (Book of Salat Al-musafirin #199): The scholars said that the meaning of "You are the light of the heavens and the earth" is: You are the One who illuminates them and the Creator of their light. Abu Ubayda said: "Its meaning is that by Your light the dwellers of the heavens and the earth obtain guidance." Al-Khattabi said in his commentary on Allah's name Al-Nur: "It means the One by Whose light the blind can see and the lost can be guided, whence Allah is the light of the heavens and the earth, and it is possible that the meaning of Al-Nur is: Dhu Al-nur, and it is incorrect that Al-Nur be an attribute of Allah's Essence, for it is only an attribute of action (sifatu fil), that is: He is the Creator of light." Others said: "The meaning of the light of the heavens and the earth is: The disposer of their sun and moon and stars."

Ibn Umar narrated that the Prophet said: "Allah the Exalted created creation in a darkness (fi zulmatin); then He cast upon them from His Light. Whoever was touched by that Light, he is guided, and whoever was missed by it is misguided. Therefore I say that the Pen is dry (and all is) in Allah's foreknowledge." Narrated by Tirmidhi with a good chain in the Sunan (hasan), Ahmad in two places in his Musnad, Tabarani, Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak, and Bayhaqi in the Sunan Al-kubra. Ibn Arabi Al-Maliki in his commentary on Tirmidhi entitled Aridat Al-ahwadhi (10:108) confirmed the latter's grading and comments on the hadith: "It is clear from it that each one receives of that Light to the extent of what he has been granted out of the general and the specific... in the heart and in the limbs."

The above hadith and its explanation by Qadi Ibn Al-Arabi show that the characteristic of Believers is light, and the Prophet is the first of the Believers and the one who can be more than anybody else characterized as light -- including the angels who are formed of light -- and only someone deficient in their belief would deny that he was assuredly the first and the foremost of all creation to be touched by Allah's light when He cast it, to an extent in which no angel, no Prophet, and no jinn rivals him. The above brings to light the pitfalls of the literalism of Ibn Taymiyya when he claimed in his essay on tasawwuf in Majmuat Al-fatawa (11:94, 18:366) that the Prophet could not possibly be made of light on the grounds that human beings are created from earth into which the spirit is blown, while angels alone are created from light. To support his view, he cites the hadith from A'isha in Muslim whereby the Prophet said: "The angels were created from light, the jinn from smokeless fire, and Adam from what was described to you (i.e. in the Quran)."

However, to deduce from the above that a human being can never be characterized as a light is precisely what Iblis presumed when he disobeyed Allah on the pretense that smokeless fire is a nobler and higher element than earth. Furthermore, it contradicts the authentic hadith of Ibn Umar narrated by Tirmidhi instead of elucidating it as would be required for a correct and comprehensive understanding of the subject. The correct view is that Prophets are a brand of human beings superior to the angels with respect to the light and the other gifts bestowed on them by Allah, whether general or particular, in their hearts or in their limbs, to use Ibn Al-Arabi Al-Maliki's language. This is explicited by Qadi Iyyad in Al-Shifa' (English p. 277-278) with regard to the Prophets' angelic inward qualities: Prophets and Messengers are intermediaries between Allah and His creation. They convey His commands and prohibitions, His warning and threat to His creatures and they acquaint them with things they did not know regarding His command, creation, majesty, power and His Malakut. Their outward form, bodies and structure are characterized by the qualities of men as far as non-essential matters such as illnesses, death and passing away are concerned and they have human traits.

But their souls and inward parts have the highest possible human qualities, associated with the Highest Assembly, which are similar to angelic attributes, free of any possibility of alteration or evil. Generally speaking the incapacity and weakness connected with being human cannot be associated with them. If their inward parts had been human in the same way as their outward, they would not have been able to receive revelation from the angels, see them, mix and sit with them in the way other mortals are unable to do. If their bodies and outward parts had been marked by angelic attributes as opposed to human attributes, the mortals to whom they were sent would not have been able to speak with them as Allah has already said. Thus they have the aspect of men as far as their bodies and outward parts are concerned, and that of angels in respect of their souls and inward parts. It is doubtful that Ibn Taymiyya did not understand the aspects of the question elaborated by Qadi Iyyad. In fact, after denying that Prophets are made of light like the angels, Ibn Taymiyya goes to state the known position of Ahl Al-Sunna that Prophets -- chief among them the Seal of Prophets -- manifest a rank not reached by the angels: Allah manifests some of His Power and Wisdom through righteous human beings, saints and prophets, which He does not manifest through the angels, for He combines in the former group qualities which are scattered among other creation. Thus He creates the man's body from the Earth and his spirit from the Highest Company, and this is why it is said, "Man is a microcosm, and a copy of the greater Universe."

Mohammed is the Chief of the Children of Adam, the Best of Creation, the noblest of them in the sight of Allah. This is why some have said that "Allah created the Universe due to him," or that "Were it not for him, He would have neither created a Throne, nor a Footstool, nor a heaven, earth, sun or moon." However, this is not a hadith on the authority of the Prophet... but it may be explained from a correct aspect. Ibn Taymiyya goes on to elaborate his proofs for the truth of the saying that Allah created the Universe due to the Prophet, and we have quoted the continuation of his discourse above, in the chapter on the names Mohammed and Ahmad (#1-2).

The Companion Abd Al-Rahman ibn Awf recited the following poetry about the Prophet:

ala anna khayra Al-nasi fi Al-ardi kullihimi
nabiyyun jala anna shukuka Al-tarajjumi
nabiyyun ata wa Al-nasu fi unjuhiyyatin
wa fi sadafin fi zulmati Al-kufri mutimi
fa aqshaa bi Al-nuri Al-mudi'i zalamahu
wa saadahu fi amrihi kullu muslimi

Verily, the best of all humankind on the earth is a Prophet
who removed from us the doubts of skepticism,
A Prophet who came while people were wrapped in haughtiness
and in the pitch-black darkness of the night of disbelief:
Whereupon he dispelled this darkness with abundant light
and in this matter he was helped by each of those who submitted.

Ibn Sayyid Al-Nas narrated it in Minah Al-madh (p. 176). The Prophet's uncle Al-Abbas ibn Abd Al-Muttalib said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, I wish to praise you." The Prophet replied: "Go ahead -- nay, may Allah adorn your mouth with silver!" He said: Before you came to this world you were blessed in the shadows and in the repository (i.e. loins) in the time when they (Adam and Eve) covered themselves with leaves. Then you descended to the earth, neither as a human being, nor as a piece of flesh, nor as a clot, But as a drop that boarded the ark when the flood destroyed the eagle and the rest of the idols: A drop that progressed from the loins to the wombs in the succession of the worlds and the heavens Until the Preserver of All made your immense honor issue in the highest summit of the line of Khindif. And then, when you were born, a light rose over the earth until it illuminated the horizon with its radiance. We are in that illumination and that original light and those paths of guidance -- and thanks to them pierce through. Ibn Sayyid Al-Nas narrated it with his isnad through Al-Tabarani and Al-Bazzar in Minah Al-madh (p. 192-193), also Ibn Kathir in Al-Sira Al-nabawiyya (ed. Mustafa Abd Al-Wahid 4:51), and Ali Al-Qari in his Sharh Al-Shifa' (1:364) says it is narrated by Abu Bakr Al-Shafii and Tabarani, and cited by Ibn Abd Al-Barr in Al-Istiab and Ibn Al-Qayyim in Zad Al-maad.

The Companions many times compared the Prophet to a light or a harbinger of light, particularly a sun and a moon, chief among them his poet, Hassan ibn Thabit Al-Ansari:

tarahhala an qawmin faddalat uqulahum
wa halla ala qawmin bi nurin mujaddadi

He left a people who preferred their minds over him and he dawned on a people with a light made new.

mata yabdu fi Al-daji Al-bahimi jabinuhu
yaluhu mithla misbahi Al-duja Al-mutawaqqidi

Whenever his forehead emerged in pitch-black darkness
it would shine like the blazing luminary of dark night.

Bayhaqi narrated the two verses in Dala'il Al-nubuwwa (1:280, 302). The latter verse is also narrated Ibn Abd Al-Barr in Al-Istiab (1:341) and Al-Zarqani in Sharh Al-mawahib (1:91). Abu Ubayda ibn Mohammed ibn Ammar ibn Yasir said: I said to Al-Rubayyi bint Muawwadh: "Describe for me Allah's Messenger." She replied: "If you saw him you would say: The sun is rising." Bayhaqi narrates it with his isnad in Dala'il Al-nubuwwa (1:200), and Haythami in Majma Al-zawa'id (8:280) says that Tabarani narrates it in Al-Mujam Al-Kabir and Al-Awsat and that its narrators have been declared trustworthy. Kab ibn Malik said: "I greeted the Prophet and there was lightning in his face. Whenever the Prophet was happy, his face would be illuminated as if it were a piece of the moon." Bukhari and Muslim narrated it, as well as Ahmad in his Musnad. Bayhaqi in Dala'il Al-nubuwwa (1:301) relates these descriptions of the Prophet by the Companions and others:

When the Prophet left Mecca and emigrated to Madina his aunt, Atika bint Abd Al-Muttalib, recited the following -- although, Bayhaqi said, she still followed the religion of the Quraysh:

aynayya juda bi Al-dumui Al-sawajimi
ala Al-murtada kAl-badri min ali Hashimi

My eyes have overflowed with streaming tears shed
for the Uniquely Chosen One, the Full Moon
of the House of Hashim.

Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq described the Prophet thus:

aminun mustafa li Al-khayri yadu
ka daw'i Al-badri zayalahu Al-zalamu

A trustworthy one, chosen, calling to goodness,
Resembling the light of the full moon set off from darkness.

While Umar would recite the following:

law kunta min shay'in siwa basharin
kunta Al-mudi'a li laylat Al-badri

If you were anything other than a human being
You would be the light in the night of a full moon.

Bayhaqi narrated the above in Dala'il Al-nubuwwa (1:301- 302) and relates that Umar added after saying the above: "The Prophet was like this, and no one other than he was like this." See the complete text of Atika bint Abd Al-Muttalib's praise below (#545-550). Jami ibn Shaddad said: One of our men was called Tariq. [Al-Qari: "This is Ibn Shihab Abu Abd Allah Al-Muharibi, a Companion who narrated from the Prophet.] He related that he had seen the Prophet at Madina and the Prophet had asked: "Do you have anything with you to sell?" We replied: "This camel." The Prophet said: "How much?" We said: "So many wasqs [about 240 double-handed scoops] of date." He took its rein and went to Madina. Tariq and his companion said: "We have sold to a man and we do not even know who he is!" One of the women with us said: "I will guarantee the price of the camel. I saw the face of a man like the full moon. He will not cheat you." In the morning, a man brought us the dates and said: "I am the messenger of the Messenger of Allah. He bids you eat of these dates and weigh until you have full weight." We did so.

Qadi Iyyad narrates it in Al-Shifa' (English p. 135). Suyuti in Manahil Al-safa (p. 114 #515) and Al-Qari in Sharh Al-shifa' (1:525) refer it to Al-Bayhaqi. Ibn Abbas related that the Prophet said while in prostration: "O Allah, place light in my heart, light in my hearing, light in my sight, light on my right, light on my left, light in front of me, light behind me, light above me, light below me, and make light for me," or he said: "Make me light." Salama said: I met Kurayb and he reported Ibn Abbas as saying: "I was with my mother's sister Maymuna when the Messenger of Allah came there, and then he narrated the rest of the hadith as was narrated by Ghundar and said the words: "Make me light," beyond any doubt. Muslim narrates it in his Sahih, book of Salat Al-musafirin. Imam Ahmad in his Musnad also narrates it with a strong chain, but with the reverse order of the first narration cited above, resulting in the wording: "... and make me light," or he said: "Make light for me." Ibn Hajar in Fath Al-Bari (1989 ed. 11:142) mentions a narration in Ibn Abi Asim's Kitab Al-dua which states: "And grant me light upon light" (wa hab li nuran ala nur). There are many sound narrations of this hadith mentioning other parts of the Prophet's person. Ibn Hajar states that Abu Bakr ibn Al-Arabi numbered the items for which the Prophet supplicated for light in himself at twenty-five in the totality of the sound narrations of that hadith. Among them are:

Light in the Prophet's heart
Light in the Prophet's tongue
Light in the Prophet's hearing
Light in the Prophet's eyesight
Light in the Prophet's six directions: right, left, front, back, above, and below
Light in the Prophet's soul
Light in the Prophet's chest
Light in the Prophet's sinew
Light in the Prophet's flesh
Light in the Prophet's blood
Light in the Prophet's hair
Light in the Prophet's skin
Light in the Prophet's bones
Light in the Prophet's grave
"Enhance light for me."
"Give me abundant light."
"Give me light upon light."
"Make me light."

The Prophet first appeared to his mother in the form of a light that lit the world for her until she could see the palaces of Syria from her place in Mecca: Irbad ibn Sariya and Abu Imama said that the Prophet said: " I am the supplication of my father Ibrahim, and the good tidings of my brother Isa. The night I was delivered my mother saw a light that lit the castles of Damascus so that she could see them." It is narrated by Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak (2:616-617), Ahmad in his Musnad (4:184), and Bayhaqi in Dala'il Al-nubuwwa (1:110, 2:8). Ibn Al-Jawzi cites it in Al-Wafa' (p. 91, ch. 21 of Bidayat nabiyyina sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and Ibn Kathir in Mawlid rasul Allah and his Tafsir (4:360). Haythami cites it in Majma Al-zawa'id (8:221) and said Tabarani and Ahmad narrated it, and Ahmad's chain is fair (hasan). See for Ahmad's complete text Bisharatu Isa (#454).

Ibn Ishaq in his history of the early Muslims narrates something similar in a longer form as related in Ibn Hisham's epitome entitled Sirat Rasul Allah (Dar Al-wifaq ed. 1/2:166): Ibn Ishaq said: Thawr ibn Yazid related to me from one of the scholars, and I do not reckon it is other than Khalid ibn Madan Al-Kalai, that a small group of the Prophet's Companions said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, tell us about yourself." He replied: "Yes. I am the supplication of my father Ibrahim, and the good tidings of my brother Isa, and my mother saw, when she delivered me, that a great light issued from her and lit the castles of Syria for her. I was nursed by the Banu Sad ibn Bakr. While I was with a brother of mine besides our dwellings, feeding the sheep, two men came to me wearing very white clothes and carrying a contained of gold filled with snow. Then they took me and they opened my chest, removed my heart, opened it, and removed from it a black clot which they threw away. Then they washed my heartand my chestwith the snow until they purified them. Then one of them said to the other: Weigh him against ten of his Community. He did, and I outweighed them. Then he said: Weigh him against a hundred of his Community. He did, and I outweighed them. Then he said: Weigh him against a thousand of his Community. He did, and I outweighed them. Then he said: Leave him, for by Allah if you weighed him against all of his Community he would outweigh them. [Tabari added:] Then they hugged me close to their chests and kissed my head between the eyes and said: O Beloved, do not fear, verily if you knew the good that is to take place through you, you would be pleased. It is also related by Tabari in his History. Thawr ibn Yazid and Khalid ibn Madan are trustworthy narrators from whom Bukhari and many others took hadith.

Qadi Iyyad said in his book Al-Shifa', in the chapter on the nobility of the Prophet's lineage: Ibn Abbas said that the spirit of the Prophet was a light in front of Allah two thousand years before he created Adam. That light glorified Him and the angels glorified by his glorification. When Allah created Adam, he cast that light into his loins. Suyuti said in Manahil Al-safa (p. 53 #128): "Ibn Abi Umar Al-Adani relates it in his Musnad." In Takhrij ahadith sharh Al-mawaqif (p. 32 #12) Suyuti cites it with the wording: "The Quraysh were a light in front of Allah." Ibn Al-Qattan in his Ahkam (1:12) narrates it in the following form, although Abd Allah Al-Ghimari in Irshad Al-talib rejects the latter as a forgery: Ali ibn Al-Husayn from his father from his grandfather said that the Prophet said: "I was a light in front of my Lord for fourteen thousand years before He created Adam."

Something similar is narrated by Imam Ahmad in his Fada'il Al-sahaba (2:663 #1130), Dhahabi in Mizan Al-itidal (1:235), and Al-Tabari in Al-Riyad Al-nadira (2:164, 3:154). Related to the above are the following reports: Amr ibn Abasa said that the Prophet said: "Verily, Allah created the spirits of His servants two thousand years before He created His servants. Then whichever among them recognized each other came close, and whichever did not, stayed apart." Suyuti in Takhrij ahadith sharh Al-mawaqif (p. 31 #10) says that Ibn Mandah narrated it, while Haytami in his Fatawa hadithiyya says that it is extremely weak. Ibn Abbas explained taqallubak -- "your translation" -- in the verses "[Your Lord] Who sees you when you stand, and your translation among those who prostrate themselves" (26:218- 219), as "your descent through the loins of your ancestors." It is narrated from Ibn Abbas by Al-Hakim in Al-Mustadrak (2:338) and is the explanation retained by Ibn Mardawayh, Al-Razi, Suyuti, and others.

Al-Shahrastani in his Kitab Al-milal wa Al-nihal (2:238) said: "The light of Mohammed went from Ibrahim to Ismail. Then that light passed through all his children, until it arrived at Abd Al-Muttalib... and with the blessing of this light Allah repelled Abraha's harm" (wa bibarakati dhalik Al-nur dafa allahu taalaa sharra Abraha). Suyuti cites the above in several of his books, such as Masalik Al-hunafa' (p. 40-41) which we translated below under the attribute Karim Al-tarafayn (#485), also his Al-Duruj Al-munifa (p. 16) and his Al-Tazim wa Al-minna (p. 55), all three of which were written to show the bases on which the Prophet's two parents are considered to be in Paradise by the majority of the scholars. Al-Zuhri narrated: Abd Allah ibn Abd Al-Muttalib was the most handsome man that had ever been seen among the Quraysh. One day he went out and was seen by a an assembly of the women of Quraysh. One of them said: "O women of the Quraysh, which among you will marry this youth and catch thereby the light that is between his eyes?" For verily there was a light between his eyes. Thereafter Amina bint Wahb ibn Abd Manaf ibn Zuhra married him, and after he joined her she carried Allah's Messenger.

Al-Bayhaqi narrated it in Dala'il Al-nubuwwa (1:87). Tabari in his Tarikh (2:243), Ibn Al-Jawzi in Al-Wafa' (p. 82-83, ch. 16 of Abwab bidayati nabiyyina), and Ibn Hisham narrated something similar but on the authenticity of which they raise doubt (cf. Guillaume trans. p. 68-69): It is alleged a woman of Banu Asad who was the sister of Waraqa ibn Nawfal proposed to Abd Allah, but he married Amina bint Wahb instead and consummated his marriage. Then he left her presence and met the woman who had proposed to him. He asked her why she did not make the proposal that she made to him the day before; to which she replied that the light that was in him the day before had left him, and she no longer had need of him... She said: "When you passed me there was a white blaze between your eyes and when I invited you you refused me and went to Amina, and she has taken it away." It is related that Jabir ibn Abd Allah said to the Prophet: "O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you, tell me of the first thing Allah created before all things." He said: "O Jabir, the first thing Allah created was the light of your Prophet from His light, and that light remained (lit. "turned") in the midst of His Power for as long as He wished, and there was not, at that time, a Tablet or a Pen or a Paradise or a Fire or an angel or a heaven or an earth. And when Allah wished to create creation, he divided that Light into four parts and from the first made the Pen, from the second the Tablet, from the third the Throne, [and from the fourth everything else]."

The judgments on this narration vary greatly among the scholars. Their words are listed below under the alphabetical listing of their names. Abd Al-Haqq Al-Dihlawi (d. 1052) the Indian hadith scholar cites it as evidence in Madarij Al-nubuwwa (in Persian, 2:2 of the Maktaba Al-nuriyya edition in Sakhore) and says it is is sahih (sound and authentic). Abd Al-Hayy Al-Lucknawi (d. 1304) the Indian hadith scholar cites it in his Al-Athar Al-marfua fi Al-akhbar Al-mawdua (p. 33-34 of the Lahore edition) and says: "The primacy (awwaliyya) of the Mohammedan light (Al-nur Al-Mohammedi) is established from the narration of Abd Al-Razzaq, as well as its definite priority over all created things." Abd Al-Razzaq (d. 211) narrates it in his Musannaf according to Qastallani in Al-Mawahib Al-laduniyya (1:55) and Zarqani in his Sharh Al-mawahib (1:56 of the Matbaa Al-amira edition in Cairo). There is no doubt as to the reliability of Abd Al-Razzaq as a narrator. Bukhari took 120 narrations from him, Muslim 400. Abidin (Ahmad Al-Shami d. 1320), the son of the Hanafi scholar Ibn Abidin, cites the hadith as evidence in his commentary on Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami's poem Al-Nimat Al-kubra ala Al-alamin. Nabahani cites it in his Jawahir Al-bihar (3:354).

Ajluni (Ismail ibn Mohammed d. 1162) in his Kashf Al-khafa' (1:265 of the Maktabat Al-Ghazali edition in Beirut) narrates the hadith in its entirety from Qastallani in his Mawahib. Alusi (Al-Sayyid Mahmud) in his commentary of Quran entitled Ruh Al-maani (17:105 of the Beirut edition) said: "The Prophet's being a mercy to all is linked to the fact that he is the intermediary of the divine outpouring over all contingencies [i.e. all created things without exception], from the very beginnings (wasitat Al-fayd Al-ilahi ala Al-mumkinat ala hasab Al-qawabil), and that is why his light was the first of all things created, as stated in the report that "The first thing Allah created was the light of your Prophet, O Jabir," and also cited is: "Allah is the Giver and I am the Distributor." [See Al-Qasim #261.] The Sufis -- may Allah sanctify their secrets -- have more to say on that chapter." Alusi also cites the hadith of Jabir as evidence in another passage of Ruh Al-maani (8:71).

Bakri (Sayyid Abu Al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Abd Allah, d. 3rd c.) in his book Al-Anwar fi mawlid Al-nabi Mohammed alayhi Al-salat wa Al-salam (p. 5 of the Najaf edition) cites the following hadith from Ali: "Allah was and there was nothing with Him, and the first thing which He created was the light of His Beloved, before He created water, or the Throne, or the Footstool, or the Tablet, or the Pen, or Paradise, or the Fire, or the Veils and the Clouds, or Adam and Eve, by four thousand years." Bayhaqi (d. 458) narrates it with a different wording in Dala'il Al-nubuwwa according to Zarqani in his Sharh Al-mawahib (1:56 of the Matbaa Al-amira in Cairo) and Diyarbakri in Tarikh Al-khamis (1:20). Diyarbakri (Husayn ibn Mohammed d. 966): He begins his 1,000-page history entitled Tarikh Al-khamis fi ahwal anfasi nafis with the words: "Praise be to Allah Who created the Light of His Prophet before everything else," which is enough to disprove Al-Ghumari's exaggerated claim that "anyone who reads it will be convinced that the hadith is a lie." Then Diyarbakri cites the hadith as evidence (1:19 of the Mu'assasat Shaban edition in Beirut).

Fasi (Mohammed ibn Ahmad d. 1052) cites it as evidence in Matali Al-masarrat (p. 210, 221 of the Matbaa Al-taziyya edition) and says: "These narrations indicate his primacy (awwaliyya) and priority over all other creations, and also the fact that he is their cause (sabab)." Ghumari (Abd Allah) in his Irshad Al-talib Al-najib ila ma fi Al-mawlid Al-nabawi min Al-akadhib (p. 9-12 of the Dar Al-furqan edition), commenting on Suyuti's words (quoted below) whereby the hadith has no reliable chain: "This shows great laxity on the part of Suyuti, which I thought him to be above. First, the hadith is not present in Abd Al-Razzaq's Musannaf, nor in any of the books of hadith. Secondly : the hadith has no chain of transmission to begin with. Thirdly: he has not mentioned the rest of the hadith. It is mentioned in Diyarbakri's Tarikh, and anyone who reads it will be convinced that the hadith is a lie about the Messenger of Allah." This exaggerated conclusion is disproved by the fact that Diyarbarkri himself does not consider it a lie since he cites the hadith in the first words of his book.

Gilani (Shaykh Abd Al-Qadir, d. 561) in his book Sirr Al-asrar fi ma yahtaju ilayh Al-abrar (p. 12-14 of the Lahore edition) said: Halabi (Ali ibn Burhan Al-Din, d. 1044) cites it as evidence in his Sira (1:31 of the Maktaba Islamiyya edition in Beirut) and then states: "It provides evidence that he is the root of everything that exists (in creation) and Allah knows best." Haqqi (Ismail, d. 1137) cites it as evidence in his Tafsir entitled Ruh Al-bayan and says: "Know, O person of understanding, that the first thing Allah created is the light of your Prophet... and he is the cause for the existence of everything that was brought to existence, and the mercy from Allah upon all creatures... and without him the higher and the lower worlds would not have been created." Yusuf Al-Nabahani mentions it in his Jawahir Al-bihar (p. 1125). Haytami (Ahmad ibn Hajar d. 974) states in his Fatawa hadithiyya (p. 247 of the Baba edition in Cairo) that Abd Al-Razzaq narrated it, and cites it in his poem on the Prophet's birth entitled Al-Nimat Al-kubra ala Al-alamin (p. 3).

Ibn Al-Hajj Al-Abdari (Mohammed ibn Mohammed d. 736) in his book Al-Madkhal (2:34 of the Dar Al-kitab Al-arabi in Beirut) cites it from Al-Khatib Abu Al-Rabi Mohammed ibn Al-Layth's book Shifa' Al-sudur in which the latter says: "The first thing Allah created is the light of Mohammed (peace and blessing be upon him, and that light came and prostrated before Allah. Allah divided it into four parts and created from the first part the Throne, from the second the Pen, from the third the Tablet, and then similarly He subdivided the fourth part into parts and created the rest of creation. Therefore the light of the Throne is from the light of Mohammed, the light of the Pen is from the light of Mohammed , the light of the Tablet is from the light of Mohammed , the light of day, the light of knowledge, the light of the sun and the moon, and the light of vision and sight are all from the light of Mohammed ."

Ismail Al-Dihlawi (Shah Mohammed, d. 1246), one of the leaders of the Wahhabi-influenced Deobandi school in the Indo- Pakistani Subcontinent in one of his booklets entitled Yek rawzah (p. 11 of the Maltan edition) says: "As indicated by the narration: The first thing Allah created was my Light." Jamal (Sulayman d. 1204) cites it as evidence in his commentary on Busiri entitled Al-Futuhat Al-ahmadiyya bi Al-minah Al-Mohammediyya (p. 6 of the Hijazi edition in Cairo). Janijawhi (Rashid Ahmad) a leader of the Wahhabi- influenced Deobandi school of India and Pakistan in his Fatawa rashidiyya (p. 157 of the Karachi edition) said that the hadith was "not found in the authentic collections, but Shaykh Abd Al-Haqq (Al-Dihlawi) cited it on the basis that it had some grounding of authenticity." Actually Shaykh Abd Al-Haqq not only cited it but he said it was sound (sahih). Jili (Abd Al-Karim) in his Namus Al-azam wa Al-qamus Al-aqdam fi marifat qadar Al-bani sallallahu alayhi wa sallam cites it as evidence. Nabahani relates it in his Jawahir Al-bihar (see below).

Kharputi (Umar ibn Ahmad, d. 1299) in his commentary on Busiri entitled Sharh qasidat Al-burda (p. 73 of the Karachi edition). Maliki Al-Hasani (Mohammed ibn Alawi) in his commentary on Ali Al-Qari's book of the Mawlid entitled Hashiyat Al-Mawrid Al-rawi fi Al-mawlid Al-nabawi (p. 40) said: "The chain of Jabir is sound without contest, but the scholars have differed concerning the text of the hadith due to its peculiarity. Bayhaqi also narrated the hadith with some differences." Then he quoted several narrations establishing the light of the Prophet. Nabahani (Yusuf ibn Ismail) cites it as evidence in Al-Anwar Al-Mohammediyya (p. 13), in his Jawahir Al-bihar (p. 1125 or 4:220 of the Baba edition in Cairo), and in his Hujjat Allah ala Al-alamin (p. 28). Nabulusi (Abd Al-Ghani d. 1143) says in his Hadiqa Al-nadiyya (2:375 of the Maktaba Al-nuriyya edition in Faysalabad): "The Prophet is the universal leader of all, and how could he not be when all things were created out of his light as has been stated in the sound hadith."

Nisaburi (Nizamuddin ibn Hasan, d. 728) cites it as evidence in elucidation of the verse: "And I was ordered to be the first of the Muslims" (39:12) in his Tafsir entitled Ghara'ib Al-Quran (8:66 of the Baba edition in Cairo). Qari (Mulla Ali ibn Sultan, d. 1014) cites it in full in his book Al-Mawlid Al-rawi fi Al-mawlid Al-nabawi (p. 40), edited by Sayyid Mohammed Alawi Al-Maliki. Qastallani (Ahmad ibn Mohammed, d. 923) narrates it in his Al-Mawahib Al-laduniyya (1:55 of the edition accompanied by Zarqani's commentary). Rifai (Yusuf Al-Sayyid Hashim) cites it as evidence in Adillat ahl Al-sunna wa Al-jamaa Al-musamma Al-radd Al-muhkam Al-mani (p. 22): Abd Al-Razzaq narrated it. Suyuti in Al-Hawi li Al-fatawi, in the explanation of Surat Al-Muddaththir: "It has no reliable chain"; and in Takhrij ahadith sharh Al-mawaqif: "I did not find it in that wording." Thanwi (Ashraf Ali), a leader of the Wahhabi-influenced Deobandi school in the Indian Subcontinent, in his book Nashr Al-tayyib (in Urdu, p. 6 and 215 of the Lahore edition) cites it as evidence on the authority of Abd Al-Razzaq, and relies upon it.

Zarqani in Sharh Al-mawahib cites it (1:56 of the Matbaa Al-amira edition in Cairo) and refers it to Abd Al-Razzaq's narration in his Musannaf. Zahir (Ihsan Ilahi), a leader of the Wahhabi-influenced Deobandi school and declared enemy of the Barelwi school of Ahl Al-Sunna in Lahore, India, in his book Hadiyyat Al-mahdi (p. 56 of the Sialkut edition) says: "Allah began His creation with the Mohammedan light (Al-nur Al-Mohammedi), then He created the Throne over the water, then He created the wind, then He created the Nun and the Pen and the Tablet, then He created the Intellect. The Mohammedan Light is therefore a primary substance for the creation of the heavens and the earth and what is in them... As for what has come to us in the hadith: The first thing which Allah created is the Pen; and: The first thing which Allah created is the Intellect: what is meant by it is a relative primacy."

Blessings and peace on the Prophet, his Family, and his Companions.
baca seterusnya...

Terapi Takabur

Allah swt. berfirman:
"Demikianlah Allah mengunci mati hati orang yang sombong dan sewenang-wenang." (Q.s. A1-Mu’min: 35).
"Maka itulah seburuk-buruk tempat bagi orang-orang yang sombong."(Q.s. Al-Mu'min: 76).
Nabi saw bersabda, "Bahwa Allah swt. telah berfirman (dalam Hadis Qudsi):
'Keagungan adalah sarung-Ku dan Kebesaran adalah selendang-Ku. Siapa yang melampaui Ku dalam dua sifat itu, maka dia akan Ku binasakan’.”
Sabdanya pula:
“Tidak akan masuk syurga orang yang hatinya terdapat rasa takabur walau hanya sebesar biji sawi.”

“Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang takabur, kelak pada hari Kiamat akan dikumpulkan dalam bentuk semut kecil yang dipijak-pijak manusia kerana hinanya mereka di sisi Allah swt.”
Rasul saw bersabda kepada Bilal, “Sebenarnya di neraka Jahannam ada jurang yang disebut Habhab, sudah menjadi hak Allah swt. jika orang zalim dimasukkan di jurang itu. Engkau harus takut wahai Bilal, jika engkau tergolong penghuni jurang itu.”
Dalam doanya Nabi saw. memohon, “Ya Allah, aku mohon perlindungan-Mu dari tiupan takabur.”
Nabi saw bersabda, “Sesungguhnya Allah tidak mahu memandang kepada orang yang memanjangkan pakaiannya sebagai tanda kesombongan. “
Nabi saw juga bersabda, “Barangsiapa yang meninggikan dirinya dan sombong dalam berjalan, maka dia akan menemui Allah, sedang Dia murka kepadanya. “
Sabdanya, “Barangsiapa yang suka memaafkan, maka Allah akan selalu menambah kemuliaan kepadanya, dan barangsiapa bertawadhu ; maka Allah akan meninggikannya.”
Beliau juga bersabda, “Betapa bahagianya, orang yang tawadhu; padahal dia tidak miskin.”
Sabdanya pula, ‘ Allah swt. berfirman kepada Nabi Musa as, ‘Sesungguhnya Aku hanya menerima solat hamba-Ku yang tawadhu’ kepada keagungan-Ku, tidak menyombongkan diri kepada makhluk-Ku, selalu mengaitkan hatinya dengan rasa takut kepada-Ku, menghabiskan siangnya dengan dzikir kepada-Ku dan mengekang nafsunya demi Aku’. “

Nabi saw. bersabda, ‘Apabila seorang hamba tawadhu ; Allah akan mengangkatnya sampai ke langit yang ketujuh.”
Sabdanya, “Tawadhu’ itu tidak akan menambah darjat hamba, kecuali Allah meninggikan darjat itu. Maka, bertawadhu’lah kamu sekalian, niscaya Allah akan mencintai kalian.”
Sabdanya pula, “Sungguh, yang membuatku takjub, seseorang membawa bekal di tangannya, kemudian diberikan kepada keluarganya sebagai tanda usaha susah payahnya, untuk menahan diri dari takabur.”

Hakikat Takabur
Hakikat takabur adalah merasa diri lebih sempurna dari yang lainnya.
Sifat takabur akan menimbulkan kehinaan dan boleh mengganggu akidah. Kerananya, Nabi saw. bersabda, ‘Aku berlindung dari hembusan takabur.” Kerana itu pula, para sahabat pernah minta izin kepada Umar r.a. agar memberi nasihat kepada umat setelah subuh. Umar r.a. menjawab, “Aku lebih takut ada hembusan yang melambungkan sampai ke bintang Tsuraya.”
Sebab, hembusan tersebut berpengaruh pada perbuatan lahiriah, seperti duduk di tempat yang tinggi, jalan di depan, melihat dengan pandangan sinis dan marah jika ada orang tidak mengucapkan salam, atau kepada orang yang tidak menghormatinya, lebih banyak menentang kalau dinasihati, menentang kebenaran bila diberi pandangan, dan memandang orang awam seperti memandang kaldai.
Takabur tergolong dosa besar. Bahkan orang yang hatinya ada sebesar dzarah ketakaburan, tidak akan masuk syurga. Sebab di dalam takabur ada tiga macam kotoran:

Pertama, takabur itu bertentangan dengan sifat-sifat khusus Allah swt, di mana sifat tersebut (takabur) adalah pakaian Allah swt, sebagaimana firman Allah swt. Keagungan tidak layak, kecuali hanya bagi-Nya. Lalu dari sisi mana, keagungan layak bagi hamba yang hina, yang tidak memiliki dirinya, apalagi menguasai yang lainnya?

Kedua, takabur seringkali membuat orang menolak kebenaran dan cenderung meremehkan orang lain. Nabi saw menjelaskan soal takabur dengan sabdanya, “Takabur, muncul dari masa bodoh terhadap kebenaran, menganggap rendah manusia, dan merasa lebih benar. Takabur menutup pintu kebahagiaan, begitu juga merendahkan makhluk.”

Sebagian sufi berkata, “Sesungguhnya Allah swt. menyembunyikan tiga perkara dalam tiga hal:
1) Menyembunyikan redha-Nya dalam ketaatan kepada-Nya. Maka, janganlah merendahkan sedikit pun terhadap taat, siapa tahu redha Allah ada di dalamnya.

2) Menyembunyikan dendamnya dalam maksiat kepada-Nya, maka janganlah meremehkan sekecil apa pun maksiat itu, barangkali di dalamnya tersembunyi dendam-Nya.

3) Menyembunyikan kewalian dalam diri hamba-hamba-Nya, maka janganlah merendahkan seseorang, siapa tahu orang itu wali Allah swt.

Ketiga, takabur dapat menghalanginya dari perilaku mulia dan terpuji. Sebab, orang yang takabur tidak akan pernah merasa mencintai orang lain sebagaimana la mencintai dirinya sendiri.
Ia juga tidak merendah diri, bersifat ego, dengki dan pemarah. Ia tidak dapat menahan diri, lembut dalam bicara, dan tidak mampu meninggalkan riya’. Secara keseluruhan setiap perilaku tercela, senantiasa dilalui oleh orang takabur, dan tidak ada perilaku terpuji, kecuali harus meninggalkan sifat takabur tersebut.

**dipetik dari sufinews.com.
baca seterusnya...

Tanda-Tanda Ilmu Yang Bermanfaat

Ilmu yang bermanfaat dapat diketahui dengan melihat kepada pemilik ilmu tersebut. Di antara tanda-tandanya adalah:

[1]. Orang yang bermanfaat ilmunya tidak peduli terhadap keadaan dan kedudukan dirinya serta hati mereka membenci pujian dari manusia, tidak menganggap dirinya suci, dan tidak sombong terhadap orang lain dengan ilmu yang dimilikinya.

Imam al-Hasan al-Bashri (wafat th. 110 H) rahimahullaah mengatakan, “Orang yang faqih hanyalah orang yang zuhud terhadap dunia, sangat mengharapkan kehidupan akhirat, mengetahui agamanya, dan rajin dalam beribadah.” Dalam riwayat lain beliau berkata, “Ia tidak iri terhadap orang yang berada di atasnya, tidak sombong terhadap orang yang berada di bawahnya, dan tidak mengambil imbalan dari ilmu yang telah Allah Ta’ala ajarkan kepadanya.” [1]

[2]. Pemilik ilmu yang bermanfaat, apabila ilmunya bertambah, bertambah pula sikap tawadhu’, rasa takut, kehinaan, dan ketundukannya di hadapan Allah Ta’ala.

[3]. Ilmu yang bermanfaat mengajak pemiliknya lari dari dunia. Yang paling besar adalah kedudukan, ketenaran, dan pujian. Menjauhi hal itu dan bersungguh-sungguh dalam menjauhkannya, maka hal itu adalah tanda ilmu yang bermanfaat.

[4]. Pemilik ilmu ini tidak mengaku-ngaku memiliki ilmu dan tidak berbangga dengannya terhadap seorang pun. Ia tidak menisbatkan kebodohan kepada seorang pun, kecuali seseorang yang jelas-jelas menyalahi Sunnah dan Ahlus Sunnah. Ia marah kepadanya karena Allah Ta’ala semata, bukan karena pribadinya, tidak pula bermaksud meninggikan kedudukan dirinya sendiri di atas seorang pun. [2]

Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyyah (wafat th. 728 H) rahimahullaah membagi ilmu yang bermanfaat ini -yang merupakan tiang dan asas dari hikmah- menjadi tiga bagian. Beliau rahimahullaah berkata, “Ilmu yang terpuji, yang ditunjukkan oleh Al-Kitab dan As-Sunnah adalah ilmu yang diwariskan dari para Nabi, sebagaimana disabdakan Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam.

“Sesungguhnya para ulama adalah pewaris para Nabi, dan mereka tidak mewariskan dinar dan tidak pula dirham. Mereka hanyalah mewariskan ilmu. Siapa yang mengambilnya, maka ia telah mengambil bagian yang banyak.” [3]

Ilmu Ini Ada Tiga Macam:

[1]. Ilmu tentang Allah, Nama-Nama, dan sifat-sifat-Nya serta hal-hal yang berkaitan dengannya. Contohnya adalah sebagaimana Allah menurunkan surat al-Ikhlaash, ayat Kursi, dan sebagainya.

[2]. Ilmu mengenai berita dari Allah tentang hal-hal yang telah terjadi dan akan terjadi di masa datang serta yang sedang terjadi. Contohnya adalah Allah menurunkan ayat-ayat tentang kisah, janji, ancaman, sifat Surga, sifat Neraka, dan sebagainya.

[3]. Ilmu mengenai perintah Allah yang berkaitan dengan hati dan perbuatan-perbuatan anggota tubuh, seperti beriman kepada Allah, ilmu pengetahuan tentang hati dan kondisinya, serta perkataan dan perbuatan anggota badan. Dan hal ini masuk di dalamnya ilmu tentang dasar-dasar keimanan dan tentang kaidah-kaidah Islam dan masuk di dalamnya ilmu yang membahas tentang perkataan dan perbuatan-perbuatan yang jelas, seperti ilmu-ilmu fiqih yang membahas tentang hukum amal perbuatan. Dan hal itu merupakan bagian dari ilmu agama. [4]

Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyyah (wafat th. 728 H) rahimahullaah juga berkata, “Telah berkata Yahya bin ‘Ammar (wafat th. 422 H), ‘Ilmu itu ada lima:

(1). Ilmu yang merupakan kehidupan bagi agama, yaitu ilmu tauhid

(2). Ilmu yang merupakan santapan agama, yaitu ilmu tentang mempelajari makna-makna Al-Qur-an dan hadits

(3). Ilmu yang merupakan obat agama, yaitu ilmu fatwa. Apabila suatu musibah (malapetaka) datang kepada seorang hamba, ia membutuhkan orang yang mampu menyembuhkannya dari musibah itu, sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Ibnu Mas’ud radhiyallaahu ‘anhu

(4). Ilmu yang merupakan penyakit agama, yaitu ilmu kalam dan bid’ah, dan

(5). Ilmu yang merupakan kebinasaan bagi agama, yaitu ilmu sihir dan yang sepertinya.’” [5]

[Disalin dari buku Menuntut Ilmu Jalan Menuju Surga “Panduan Menuntut Ilmu”, Penulis Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas, Penerbit Pustaka At-Taqwa, PO BOX 264 – Bogor 16001 Jawa Barat – Indonesia, Cetakan Pertama Rabi’uts Tsani 1428H/April 2007M]
___________
Nota Kaki
[1]. Sunan ad-Darimi (I/89)
[2]. Disarikan dari kitab Fadhlu ‘Ilmi Salaf ‘alal Khalaf (hal. 55-57).
[3]. Hadits shahih: Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad (II/252, 325), Abu Dawud (no. 3641), at-Tirmidzi (no. 2682), Ibnu Majah (no. 223), dan Ibnu Hibban (no. 80-Mawaarid), ini lafazh Ahmad, dari Shahabat Abu Darda' radhiyallaahu ‘anhu.
[4]. Majmu’ Fataawaa, Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyyah (XI/396,397 dengan sedikit perubahan). Lihat kitab Muqawwimaat ad-Daa’iyah an-Naajih, hal. 18, karya Dr. Sa’id bin ‘Ali bin Wahf al-Qahthani.
[5]. Majmuu’ Fataawaa, Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyyah (X/145-146) dan Siyar A’laamin Nubalaa’ (XVII/482)
baca seterusnya...

Mengenali Wali-Wali Allah dan Karamah Mereka

Dalam setiap era kemodenan, kehidupan manusia sentiasa berkembang ke arah kesempurnaan, sehingga terwujudlah adat-istiadat, pengetahuan, budaya, moral, kepercayaan, aturan kemasyarakatan, pendidikan, undang-undang dan pemerintahan. Dalam perkembangannya, aturan moral ini tetap mengalami pasang surutnya. Namun, setiap kali mengalami masa surutnya, pasti akan muncul insan-insan yang digelar wali-wali Allah yang sentiasa berjuang untuk mengembalikan nilai moral ke tahap yang tertinggi, sehingga nilai-nilai ini diserapi kembali ke dalam jiwa manusia. Perkembangan adat dan nilai akhlak ini terjadi pula dikalangan dunia Islam sejak Allah s.w.t. telah menjelaskan bahawa Nabi saw mempunyai moral yang paling sempurna . Nabi s.aw.pun mengenalkan dirinya sebagai utusan yang akan menyempurnakan keperibadian moral dan akhlak.

Justeru itu, Allah s.w.t. telah menyeru umat Islam untuk menjadikan RasulNya sebagai insan yang sentiasa dicontohi.Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. telah berhasil membina sahabatsahabatnya menjadi manusia-manusia sufi yang boleh dibanggakan di hadapan seluruh umat manusia. Padahal pada waktu sebelumnya mereka adalah manusia-manusia jahiliyah yang berada di tepi jurang neraka. Tentunya keberhasilan beliau itu tidak lain karena bantuan Allah dan bimbingan Baginda s.a.w.Dalam kehidupan sehariannya Nabi s.a.w. menyeru dan mempamerkan cara hidup yang sederhana, selalu prihatin,berharap penuh keridhaan Allah dan kesenangan di akhirat, dan selalu menjalani kehidupan sufistik dalam segala tingkah laku dan tindakannya. Kehidupan sufistik ini dilanjutkan oleh generasi tabi’in, tabi’-tabi’in dan seterusnya hingga kini.

Perjuangan Rasulullah s.a.w. tidak berhenti setakat masa hidupnya sahaja, namun segala ilmu-ilmu dan nilai-nilai akhlak Islamiyah telah diwarisi oleh wali-wali yang sentiasa mendokong dan meneruskan perjuangan Rasulullah s.a.w. sepertimana yang disifatkan oleh Allah s.w.t. dalam salah satu hadis qudsi yang berbunyi :

“Wali-waliKu berada di bawah kubah-kubahKu. Tidak ada yang mengetahuinya selain Aku”.

Maka wujudnya para wali-wali Allah tidak dapat dinafikan dan mereka merupakan para kekasih Allah yang terdapat diseluruh pelusuk bumi di mana sahaja terdapat orang yang beriman. Syeikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah pernah mengingatkan hakikat wujudnya para wali serta karamah mereka sebagaimana tercatit dalam kitabnya

Fatwa Ibnu Taimiyah :

“Wali Allah adalah orang-orang mukmin yang bertaqwa kepada Allah. Ingatlah sesungguhnya wali-wali Allah itu tidak ada ketakutan pada diri mereka dan mereka tidak merasa khuwatir. Mereka beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Allah, bertaqwa dalam pengertian mentaati firman-firmanNya, penciptaanNya, izinNya, dan kehendakNya yang termasuk dalam ruang lingkungan agama. Semua itu kadang-kadang menghasilkan berbagai karamah pada diri mereka sebagai hujjah dalam agama dan bagi kaum muslimin, tetapi karamah tersebut tidak akan pernah ada kecuali dengan menjalankan syariat yang dibawa Rasulullah s.a.w.”

Kedudukan wali hanya dapat diberikan kepada orang-orang yang telah nyata ketaqwaannya. Sementara orang yang nyata telah melanggar syari’ah tidak dapat diberikan kedudukan yang mulia ini. Sayangnya, di kalangan manusia, ada orang yang mengaku bahawa dirinya adalah wali dan memperoleh karamah dari Allah, padahal dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari mereka tidak melaksanakan syariat Islam dengan baik sehingga mustahil bagi Allah untuk memberikan darjat ‘wali’ kepada orang seperti ini.

Yang perlu diwaspadai juga, syaitan pun dapat membantu manusia untuk mewujudkan keajaiban-keajaiban di mata manusia. Itulah yang dinamakan sihir. Syaitan pun berupaya membantu seseorang menghilang dirinya dari pandangan orang lain, dan juga memberi maklumat kejadian yang akan datang. Dan inilah yang

sering dimanfaatkan oleh orang-orang yang tidak beriman untuk menipu manusia. Maka, peri pentingnya bagi umat Islam mengetahui juga akan perkara-perkara luar biasa yang wujud di alam ini supaya dapat membezakan antara yang hak dan yang batil. Para wali-wali Allah juga diberi kurniaan yang luar biasa dikenali sebagai Karamah.

Karamah adalah sesuatu pemberian Allah swt yang sifatnya seakan-akan dengan mukjizat para nabi dan rasul, iaitu kebolehan melakukan hal-hal yang luar biasa yang diberikan kepada orangorang yang dikasihiNya yang dikenal sebagai wali Allah. Mudah-mudahan dengan pembentangan secebis pengetahuan tentang wali-wali Allah dan karamah mereka ini, pintu keberkahan para wali-wali Allah akan terbuka bagi kita, sehingga dapat kita meningkatkan ketaqwaan dan keimanan kita kepada Yang Maha Pencipta.

TANDA-TANDA WALI ALLAH

1. Jika melihat mereka, akan mengingatkan kita kepada Allah swt.

Dari Amru Ibnul Jammuh, katanya: “Ia pernah mendengar Rasulullah saw bersabda: “Allah berfirman: “Sesungguhnya hamba-hambaKu, wali-waliKu adalah orang-orang yang Aku sayangi. Mereka selalu mengingatiKu dan Akupun mengingati mereka.”10

10 Hadis riwayat Abu Daud dalam Sunannya dan Abu Nu’aim dalam Hilya jilid I hal. 6

Dari Said ra, ia berkata: “Ketika Rasulullah saw ditanya: “Siapa wali-wali Allah?” Maka beliau bersabda: “Wali-wali Allah adalah orang-orang yang jika

dilihat dapat mengingatkan kita kepada Allah.”11

11 Hadis riwayat Ibnu Abi Dunya di dalam kitab Auliya’ dan Abu Nu’aim di dalam Al Hilya Jilid I hal 6).

2. Jika mereka tiada, tidak pernah orang mencarinya.

Dari Abdullah Ibnu Umar Ibnu Khattab, katanya: “Pada suatu kali Umar mendatangi tempat Mu’adz ibnu Jabal ra, kebetulan ia sedang menangis, maka Umar berkata: “Apa yang menyebabkan engkau menangis, wahai Mu’adz?” Kata Mu’adz: “Aku pernah mendengar Rasulullah saw bersabda: “Orang-orang yang paling dicintai Allah adalah mereka yang bertakwa yang suka menyembunyikan diri, jika mereka tidak ada, maka tidak ada yang mencarinya, dan jika mereka hadir, maka mereka tidak dikenal. Mereka adalah para imam petunjuk dan para pelita ilmu.”12

12 Hadis riwayat Nasa’i, Al Bazzar dan Abu Nu’aim di dalam Al Hilyah jilid I hal. 6

3. Mereka bertakwa kepada Allah.

Allah swt berfirman: “Ingatlah, sesungguhnya wali-wali Allah itu, tidak ada kekhuwatiran terhadap mereka dan tidak pula mereka bersedih hati Mereka itu adalah orang-orang yang beriman dan mereka selalu bertaqwa.. Dan bagi mereka

diberi berita gembira di dalam kehidupan dunia dan akhirat”13

Abul Hasan As Sadzili pernah berkata: “Tanda-tanda kewalian seseorang adalah redha dengan qadha, sabar dengan cubaan, bertawakkal dan kembali kepada Allah ketika ditimpa bencana.”14

13 Surah Yunus: 62 - 64

14 Hadisriwayat.Al Mafakhiril ‘Aliyah hal 104

4. Mereka saling menyayangi dengan sesamanya.

Dari Umar Ibnul Khattab ra berkata:

“Rasulullah saw bersabda: “Sesungguhnya sebahagian hamba Allah ada orang-orang yang tidak tergolong dalam golongan para nabi dan para syahid, tetapi kedua golongan ini ingin mendapatkan kedudukan seperti kedudukan mereka di sisi Allah.”

Tanya seorang: “Wahai Rasulullah, siapakah mereka dan apa amal-amal mereka?” Sabda beliau: “Mereka adalah orang-orang yang saling kasih sayang dengan sesamanya, meskipun tidak ada hubungan darah mahupun harta di antara mereka. Demi Allah, wajah mereka memancarkan cahaya, mereka berada di atas mimbarmimbar dari cahaya, mereka tidak akan takut dan susah.”

Kemudian Rasulullah saw membacakan firman Allah yang artinya: “Ingatlah, sesungguhnya wali-wali Allah itu, tidak ada kekhawatiran terhadap mereka dan tidak pula mereka bersedih hati.”15

15 Hadis riwayat Abu Nu’aim dalam kitab Al Hilya jilid I, hal 5

5. Mereka selalu sabar, wara’ dan berbudi pekerti yang baik.

Diriwayatkan dari Ibnu Abbas ra bahwa“Rasulullah saw

bersabda:

“Ada tiga sifat yang jika dimiliki oleh seorang, maka ia akan menjadi wali Allah, iaitu: pandai mengendalikan perasaannya di saat marah, wara’ dan berbudi luhur kepada orang lain.”16

“Rasulullah saw bersabda: “Wahai Abu Hurairah, berjalanlah engkau seperti segolongan orang yang tidak takut ketika manusia ketakutan di hari kiamat. Mereka tidak takut siksa api neraka ketika manusia takut. Mereka menempuh perjalanan yang berat sampai mereka menempati tingkatan para nabi. Mereka suka berlapar, berpakaian sederhana dan haus, meskipun mereka mampu. Mereka lakukan semua itu demi untuk mendapatkan redha Allah. Mereka tinggalkan rezeki yang halal kerana takut akan shubhahnya. Mereka bersahabat dengan dunia hanya dengan badan mereka, tetapi mereka tidak tertipu oleh dunia. Ibadah mereka menjadikan para malaikat dan para nabi sangat kagum. Sungguh amat beruntung mereka, alangkah senangnya jika aku dapat bertemu dengan mereka.” Kemudian Rasulullah saw menangis kerana rindu kepada mereka. Dan beliau bersabda: “Jika Allah hendak menyiksa penduduk bumi, kemudian Dia melihat mereka, maka Allah akan menjauhkan siksaNya. Wahai Abu Hurairah, hendaknya engkau menempuh jalan mereka, sebab siapapun yang menyimpang dari penjalanan mereka, maka ia akan mendapati siksa yang berat.”17

16 Hadis riwayat Ibnu Abi Dunya di dalam kitab Al Auliya’

17 Hadis riwayat Abu Hu’aim dalam kitab Al Hilya

7. Mereka selalu terhindar ketika ada bencana.

Dari Ibnu Umar ra, katanya:

Rasulullah saw bersabda: “Sesungguhnya Allah mempunyai hamba-hamba yang diberi makan dengan rahmatNya dan diberi hidup dalam afiyahNya, jika Allah mematikan mereka, maka mereka akan dimasukkan ke dalam syurgaNya. Segala bencana yang tiba akan lenyap secepatnya di hadapan mereka, seperti lewatnya malam hari di hadapan mereka, dan mereka tidak terkena sedikitpun oleh bencana yang datang.”18

18 Hadis riwayat Abu Nu’aim dalam kitab Al Hilya jilid I hal 6

8. Hati mereka selalu terkait kepada Allah.

Imam Ali Bin Abi Thalib berkata kepada Kumail An Nakha’i: “Bumi ini tidak akan kosong dari hamba-hamba Allah yang menegakkan agama Allah dengan penuh keberanian dan keikhlasan, sehingga agama Allah tidak akan punah dari peredarannya. Akan tetapi, berapakah jumlah mereka dan dimanakah mereka berada? Kiranya hanya Allah yang mengetahui tentang mereka. Demi Allah, jumlah mereka tidak banyak, tetapi nilai mereka di sisi Allah sangat mulia. Dengan mereka, Allah menjaga agamaNya dan syariatNya, sampai dapat diterima oleh orang-orang seperti mereka. Mereka menyebarkan ilmu dan ruh keyakinan. Mereka tidak suka kemewahan, mereka senang dengan kesederhanaan. Meskipun tubuh mereka berada di dunia, tetapi rohaninya membumbung ke alam malakut. Mereka adalah khalifah-khalifah Allah di muka bumi dan para da’I kepada agamaNya yang lurus. Sungguh, betapa rindunya aku kepada mereka.”19

19 Nahjul Balaghah hal 595 dan Al Hilya jilid 1 hal. 80

9. Mereka senang bermunajat di akhir malam.

Imam Ghazali menyebutkan: “Allah pernah memberi ilham kepada para siddiq: “Sesungguhnya ada hamba-hambaKu yang mencintaiKu dan selalu merindukan Aku dan Akupun demikian. Mereka suka mengingatiKu dan memandangKu dan Akupun demikian. Jika engkau menempuh jalan mereka, maka Aku mencintaimu. Sebaliknya, jika engkau berpaling dari jalan mereka, maka Aku murka kepadamu. “ Tanya seorang siddiq: “Ya Allah, apa tanda-tanda mereka?”

Firman Allah: “Di siang hari mereka selalu menaungi diri mereka, seperti seorang pengembala yang menaungi kambingnya dengan penuh kasih sayang, mereka merindukan terbenamnya matahari, seperti burung merindukan sarangnya. Jika malam hari telah tiba tempat tidur telah diisi oleh orang-orang yang tidur dan setiap kekasih telah bercinta dengan kekasihnya, maka mereka berdiri tegak dalam solatnya. Mereka merendahkan dahi-dahi mereka ketika bersujud, mereka bermunajat, menjerit, menangis, mengadu dan memohon kepadaKu. Mereka berdiri, duduk, ruku’, sujud untukKu. Mereka rindu dengan kasih sayangKu. Mereka Aku beri tiga kurniaan: Pertama, mereka Aku beri cahayaKu di dalam hati mereka, sehingga mereka dapat menyampaikan ajaranKu kepada manusia. Kedua, andaikata langit dan bumi dan seluruh isinya ditimbang dengan mereka, maka mereka lebih unggul dari keduanya. Ketiga, Aku hadapkan wajahKu kepada mereka. Kiranya engkau akan tahu, apa yang akan Aku berikan kepada mereka?”20

20 Ihya’ Ulumuddin jilid IV hal 324 dan Jilid I hal 358

10. Mereka suka menangis dan mengingat Allah.

‘Iyadz ibnu Ghanam menuturkan bahwa ia pernah mendengar Rasulullah saw bersabda: “Malaikat memberitahu kepadaku: “Sebaik-baik umatku berada di tingkatan-tingkatan tinggi. Mereka suka tertawa secara terang, jika mendapat nikmat dan rahmat dari Allah, tetapi mereka suka menangis secara rahsia, kerana mereka takut mendapat siksa dari Allah. Mereka suka mengingat Tuhannya di waktu pagi dan petang di rumah-rumah Tuhannya. Mereka suka berdoa dengan penuh harapan dan ketakutan. Mereka suka memohon dengan tangan mereka ke atas dan ke bawah. Hati mereka selalu merindukan Allah. Mereka suka memberi perhatian kepada manusia, meskipun mereka tidak dipedulikan orang.Mereka berjalan di muka bumi dengan rendah hati, tidak congkak, tidak bersikap bodoh dan selalu berjalan dengan tenang. Mereka suka berpakaian sederhana. Mereka suka mengikuti nasihat dan petunjuk Al Qur’an. Mereka suka membaca Al Qur’an dan suka berkorban. Allah suka memandangi mereka dengan kasih sayangNya. Mereka suka membahagikan nikmat Allah kepada sesama mereka dan suka memikirkan negeri-negeri yang lain. Jasad mereka di bumi, tapi pandangan mereka ke atas. Kaki mereka di tanah, tetapi hati mereka di langit. Jiwa mereka di bumi, tetapi hati mereka di Arsy. Roh mereka di dunia, tetapi akal mereka di akhirat. Mereka hanya memikirkan kesenangan akhirat. Dunia dinilai sebagai kubur bagi mereka. Kubur mereka di dunia, tetapi kedudukan mereka di sisi Allah sangat tinggi. Kemudian beliau menyebutkan firman Allah yang artinya:“Kedudukan yang setinggi itu adalah untuk orang-orang yang takut kepada hadiratKu dan yang takut kepada ancamanKu.”21

21 Hadis riwayat Abu Nu’aim dalam Hilya jilid I, hal 16

11. Jika mereka berkeinginan, maka Allah memenuhinya.

Dari Anas ibnu Malik ra berkata: “Rasul saw bersabda:“Berapa banyak manusia lemah dan dekil yang selalu dihina orang, tetapi jika ia berkeinginan, maka Allah memenuhinya, dan Al Barra’ ibnu Malik, salah seorang di antara mereka.”

Ketika Barra’ memerangi kaum musyrikin, para sahabat: berkata: “Wahai Barra’, sesungguhnya Rasulullah saw pernah bersabda: “Andaikata Barra’ berdoa, pasti akan terkabul. Oleh kerana itu, berdoalah untuk kami.” Maka Barra’ berdoa, sehingga kami diberi kemenangan.

Di medan peperangan Sus, Barra’ berdo’a: “Ya Allah, aku mohon, berilah kemenangan kaum Muslimin dan temukanlah aku dengan NabiMu.” Maka kaum Muslimin diberi kemenangan dan Barra’ gugur sebagai syahid.

12. Keyakinan mereka dapat menggoncangkan gunung.

Abdullah ibnu Mas’ud pernah menuturkan:

“Pada suatu waktu ia pernah membaca firman Allah: “Afahasibtum annamaa khalaqnakum ‘abathan”, pada telinga seorang yang pengsan, maka dengan izin Allah, orang itu segera sedar, sehingga Rasuulllah saw bertanya kepadanya: “Apa yang engkau baca di telinga orang itu?” Kata Abdullah: “Aku tadi membaca firman Allah: “Afahasibtum annamaa khalaqnakum‘abathan” sampai akhir surah.” Maka Rasul saw bersabda: “Andaikata seseorang yakin kemujarabannya dan ia membacakannya kepada suatu gunung, pasti gunung itu akan hancur.”22

22 Hadis riwayat Abu Nu’aim dalam Al Hilya jilid I hal 7
baca seterusnya...

Perkara yang menghalang Makrifatullah

Ada beberapa perkara yang menghalangi seseorang mengenal Allah, diantaranya :

1. Bersandar kepada panca Indra (2:55, 4:153).
(2:55) Dan (ingatlah), ketika kamu berkata: "Hai Musa, kami tidak akan beriman kepadamu sebelum kami melihat Allah dengan terang [50], kerana itu kamu disambar halilintar, sedang kamu menyaksikannya [51]".
[50] Maksudnya: melihat Allah dengan mata kepala.
[51] Kerana permintaan yang semacam ini menunjukkan keingkaran dan ketakaburan mereka, sebab itu mereka disambar halilintar sebagai azab dari Tuhan.

(4:153) Ahli Kitab meminta kepadamu agar kamu menurunkan kepada mereka sebuah Kitab dari langit. Maka sesungguhnya mereka telah meminta kepada Musa yang lebih besar dari itu. Mereka berkata : "Perlihatkanlah Allah kepada kami dengan nyata". Maka mereka disambar petir karena kezalimannya, dan mereka menyembah anak sapi [374], sesudah datang kepada mereka bukti-bukti yang nyata, lalu Kami maafkan (mereka) dari yang demikian. Dan telah Kami berikan kepada Musa keterangan yang nyata.

[374] Anak sapi itu dibuat mereka dari emas untuk disembah.
Mereka tidak beriman kepada Allah dengan dalil tidak melihat Allah, padahal banyak hal yang tidak boleh mereka lihat tetapi mereka meyakini akan keberadaannya seperti; gaya graviti bumi, arus listrik, akal fikiran, dan sebagainya.

2. Kesombongan (7:146).
(7:146) Aku akan memalingkan orang-orang yang menyombongkan dirinya di muka bumi tanpa alasan yang benar dari tanda-tanda kekuasaan-Ku. Mereka jika melihat tiap-tiap ayat(Ku) [569], mereka tidak beriman kepadanya. Dan jika mereka melihat jalan yang membawa kepada petunjuk, mereka tidak mahu menempuhnya, tetapi jika mereka melihat jalan kesesatan, mereka terus memenempuhnya. Yang demikian itu adalah kerana mereka mendustakan ayat-ayat Kami dan mereka selalu lalai dari padanya.

[569] Yang dimaksud dengan ayat-ayat di sini ialah: ayat-ayat Taurat, tanda-tanda kebesaran dan kekuasaan Allah.
Kesombongan menghalangi mereka untuk mengenal Allah, walaupun telah diperlihatkan kepada mereka ayat-ayat Allah tetapi mereka tetap mengingkari sehingga datang azab Allah.

3. Lengah (21:1-3).
(21:1) Telah dekat kepada manusia hari menghisab segala amalan mereka, sedang mereka berada dalam kelalaian lagi berpaling (daripadanya).

(21:2) Tidak datang kepada mereka suatu ayat Al Qur'an pun yang baru (di-turunkan) dari Tuhan mereka, melainkan mereka mendengarnya, sedang mereka bermain-main,

(21:3) (lagi) hati mereka dalam keadaan lalai. Dan mereka yang zalim itu merahasiakan pembicaraan mereka: "Orang ini tidak lain hanyalah seorang manusia (jua) seperti kamu, maka apakah kamu menerima sihir itu [952], padahal kamu menyaksikannya?"

[952] Yang mereka maksud dengan sihir di sini ialah ayat-ayat Al Qur'an.

4. Bodoh (2:118).
(2:118) Dan orang-orang yang tidak mengetahui berkata: "Mengapa Allah tidak (langsung) berbicara dengan kami atau datang tanda-tanda kekuasaan-Nya kepada kami?" Demikian pula orang-orang yang sebelum mereka telah mengatakan seperti ucapan mereka itu; hati mereka serupa. Sesungguhnya Kami telah menjelaskan tanda-tanda kekuasaan Kami kepada kaum yang yakin.

5. Ragu-ragu (6:109 - 110).
(6:109) Mereka bersumpah dengan nama Allah dengan segala kesungguhan, bahawa sungguh jika datang kepada mereka sesuatu mu'jizat, pastilah mereka beriman kepada-Nya. Katakanlah: "Sesungguhnya mu'jizat-mu'jizat itu hanya berada di sisi Allah". Dan apakah yang memberitahukan kepadamu bahawa apabila mu'jizat datang mereka tidak akan beriman [497].

[497] Maksudnya: orang-orang musyrikin bersumpah bahawa kalau datang mu'jizat, mereka akan beriman, karena itu orang-orang muslimin berharap kepada Nabi agar Allah menurunkan mu'jizat yang dimaksud. Allah menolak pengharapan kaum mu'minin dengan ayat ini.

(6:110) Dan (begitu pula) Kami memalingkan hati dan penglihatan mereka seperti mereka belum pernah beriman kepadanya (Al Quraan) pada permulaannya, dan Kami biarkan mereka bergelimang dalam kesesatannya yang sangat.

6. Taqlid (5:104, 43:23).
(5:104) Apabila dikatakan kepada mereka: "Marilah mengikuti apa yang diturunkan Allah dan mengikuti Rasul". Mereka menjawab: "Cukuplah untuk kami apa yang kami dapati bapak-bapak kami mengerjakannya". Dan apakah mereka itu akan mengikuti nenek moyang mereka walaupun nenek moyang mereka itu tidak mengetahui apa-apa dan tidak (pula) mendapat petunjuk ?.

(43:23) Dan demikianlah, Kami tidak mengutus sebelum kamu seorang pemberi peringatanpun dalam suatu negeri, melainkan orang-orang yang hidup mewah di negeri itu berkata: "Sesungguhnya kami mendapati bapak-bapak kami menganut suatu agama dan sesungguhnya kami adalah pengikut jejak-jejak mereka".

Mudah-mudahan kita semua menyadari dan terhindar dari sifat-sifat yang dapat menghalangi kita dalam mengenal Allah, amiin.
baca seterusnya...